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Thawing index (TI) in ice cave | Indicadores de Cambio Climático

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Sensitive ecosystems
Fields of study > Sensitive ecosystems

Thawing index (TI) in ice cave

Thawing index (TI): it is defined as the integral of temperatures above the freezing point during any season where freezing does not occur. The TI value is calculated from the positive temperatures observed inside the cave and it is expressed in ºC·hour/year.

Specifically, the ice cave A294 is located in the Cotiella massif (Aragon) at an altitude of 2238 m. Temperature inside this cave is measured from three sensors that were installed in 2009 at different depths: the first (S1) on the fossil ice, the second (S2) at the base of the ice and the third (S3) close to the entrance. At each of these three measurement points the annual TI value has been calculated.

The evolution of annual TI value in S1, S2 and S3 for the period 2010-2019 is shown. The analysis of this indicator will improve with the data that will be obtained in the coming years, since it is an indicator that is updated annually.

Thawing index (TI) in ice cave
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Evolution of the annual TI value (in °C·hour/year) on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the thawing index TI at this point in cave A294 has increased in the last decade at a rate of 235 °C·hour/year.

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CSV TI on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph TI on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella)

Evolution of the annual TI value (in °C·hour/year) at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the thawing index TI at this point in cave A294 has increased in the last decade at a rate of 132 °C·hour/year.

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CSV TI at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph TI at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella)

Evolution of the annual TI value (in °C·hour/year) close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the thawing index TI at this point in cave A294 has increased very slightly in the last decade, but there is still not enough information available to determine a clear trend.

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CSV TI close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph TI close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella)

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