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Freezing index (FI) in ice cave | Indicadores de Cambio Climático

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Sensitive ecosystems
Fields of study > Sensitive ecosystems

Freezing index (FI) in ice cave

Freezing index (FI): it is defined as the integral of temperatures below the freezing point during any given freezing season. The FI value is calculated from the negative temperatures observed inside the cave and it is expressed in ºC·hour/year.

Specifically, the ice cave A294 is located in the Cotiella massif (Aragon) at an altitude of 2238 m. Temperature inside this cave is measured from three sensors that were installed in 2009 at different depths: the first (S1) on the fossil ice, the second (S2) at the base of the ice and the third (S3) close to the entrance. At each of these three measurement points the annual FI value has been calculated.

The evolution of annual FI value in S1, S2 and S3 for the period 2010-2019 is shown. The analysis of this indicator will improve with the data that will be obtained in the coming years, since it is an indicator that is updated annually.

Freezing index (FI) in ice cave
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Evolution of the annual FI value (in °C·hour/year) on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the freezing index FI at this point in cave A294 has increased (values closer to zero) in the last decade at a rate of -709 °C·hour/year.

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CSV FI on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph FI on the fossil ice in cave A294 (Cotiella)

Evolution of the annual FI value (in °C·hour/year) at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the freezing index FI at this point in cave A294 has increased (values closer to zero) in the last decade at a rate of -679 °C·hour/year.

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CSV FI at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph FI at the base of the ice in cave A294 (Cotiella)

Evolution of the annual FI value (in °C·hour/year) close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella) for the period 2010-2019. The measurement period is from July of one year to June of the following year, so the value that appears in the graph corresponding to the year 2015, for example, is the mean value between July 2014 and June 2015. The dotted line (linear trend of the series) indicates that the freezing index FI at this point in cave A294 has increased slightly (values closer to zero) in the last decade, but there is still not enough information available to determine a clear trend.

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CSV FI close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella) Graph FI close to the entrance in cave A294 (Cotiella)

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